separation Archives - Page 2 of 2

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When should I speak to a solicitor about my divorce.

Many people put off speaking to a solicitor because they are worried about the potential cost. Conversely, by speaking to a solicitor at the outset you are more likely to save costs in the long run as well as a lot of stress. The earlier you obtain legal advice about your separation the better. Practical advice about the divorce process and the likely outcomes for you will help you navigate the process with clarity and understanding. In my experience, couples who have both received early legal advice are more likely to reach a settlement and avoid the delay and costs excessive litigation can bring.

It is never too early to speak to a solicitor if you think your relationship is coming to an end. Burying your head in the sand will achieve nothing, facing up to the situation from an informed position will empower you to move forward and make the overall process less stressful. I often speak to people before they have made a definite decision about their relationship, but who want to explore their options and what their reality may look like of they proceed with a divorce.

Your partner or ex-partner need not know you have obtained legal advice if you decide not to proceed with the situation. The interactions you have with a lawyer will be confidential and your lawyer will be used to dealing with clients very discretely.

Just because you speak to a solicitor does not mean your case will end up in court. A good solicitor will seek to achieve the best outcome for you without litigation if possible. They will be able to support you through the mediation process and work with you to achieve an agreed outcome with your ex-partner.

Choosing the right solicitor for your matter is crucial and we therefore offer a free initial consultation so that you can find out more about our services and decide whether we are the right fit for you.

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What are my common law marriage rights?

None!

This is one of the biggest family law myths in England and Wales, common law marriage does not exist in this jurisdiction.

Unless you are married or in a civil partnership, legally, with a certificate to prove it, you will not benefit from the statutory protection divorce law offers divorcing couples.

Cohabiting couple families are the fastest growing family type in the UK, however as a family lawyer, I have real concerns about the lack of statutory protection available for these families when relationships end. Divorce law gives the family court the power to redistribute assets in accordance with fairness and each party’s financial need, however, cohabitant’s have none of this protection.

Legal Remedies for Cohabiting Couples

The law for unmarried couples is messy. There are some remedies available, however, they were not drafted with families in mind and are far from ideal.

Family Home

If you are purchasing a property with your partner you should do so following advice from a solicitor which reflects each of your legal interest in the property. Cohabitation agreements and declarations of trust in relation to properties and assets are something you should consider.

If you do not however own the family home jointly with your partner, it instead being legally owned by your partner, you may be able to to make an application under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996, the burden will be on your to establish that there was a “common intention” that you should have a “beneficial interest” in the property and that you relied upon that common intention to your prejudice. This area of law is complex and it can be expensive to pursue a claim.

Child Maintenance

For couples with children the person caring for the children can make an application to the Child Maintenance Service for child maintenance. This maintenance is however only for the children, most people are surprised at the low level of maintenance required and it is not intended to provide for the carer. It is possible in some cases to seek further financial support for children under Schedule 1 of the Children Act 1989 depending on the wealth of your partner and if you think this may apply to your matter you should seek legal advice as you may be entitled to remain in the family home and receive periodical payments including a carer’s allowance.

Further disputes about money and assets are most likely to be considered a contractual dispute and would be dealt with under civil rather than matrimonial law.

What Should Cohabiting Couples Do?

Talk about your finances and what you will do if your relationship ends. If you do not intend to get married or enter into a civil partnership consider entering into a cohabitation agreement. I know it is not romantic, however many of the day to day practicalities of living with someone aren’t and your relationship may benefit from some advance planning on how you intend to handle the day to day responsibilities of living together. You can set out your intentions, who will pay for what, who will buy what and what the plan is if you were to have a baby. You can also set out a plan to set out how you would divide up your finances should your relationship end. A little legal advice and planning at an early stage could save a lot of stress, anxiety, time and legal costs if your relationship ends.

Pensions are also a crucial consideration. Unlike married couples who usually automatically benefit under their spouses bill, partners will need to be nominated in order to be eligible for any death in service benefits.

Lastly, it is really important that you have an up to date will. If you aren’t married and your partner doesn’t have a will you have no rights to their estate. There may be some protection offered under the Inheritance Act (Provision for Family and Dependents) Act 1975, but that will be dependent on your circumstances and will require an application to the court. It will be much more straightforward if there is a valid will in place making appropriate provision.

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What is a prenuptial agreement?

A prenuptial agreement or “prenup” as they are often known is a legal document drawn up by a couple before their marriage. A pre-registration agreement can be similarly prepared for those entering into a civil partnership. These agreements will set out how the couples intend their assets to be divided between them in the event of a divorce.

The aim of the prenuptial agreement or pre-registration agreement is to provide clarity for couples in the event that their relationship breaks down. Rather than leave the redistribution of assets to the discretion of the courts, a prenuptial agreement offers certainty as to how family finances can be resolved in the event of a divorce.

Is a prenuptial agreement legally binding?

Whilst prenuptial agreements are not necessarily legally binding in the UK, they are becoming more and more accepted by courts as proof of a couple’s intentions should they divorce in the future. In February 2014, the Law Commission published its report “Matrimonial Property, Needs and Agreements” which recommends that for prenuptial agreements to be enforceable, certain requirements be met. These are in summary:

The agreement must be contractually valid ( and able to withstand challenge on the basis of undue influence or misrepresentation, for example). This means that it must be entered into freely and willingly by both parties. No pressure should be put on a party to enter into the agreement.
The agreement must be made by deed and contain a statement signed by both parties that they understand it is enforceable and will partially remove the court’s discretion to make financial orders.
The agreement must not have been made within 28 days immediately before the marriage or civil partnership.
Both parties must have received, at the time of making the agreement, disclosure of material information about the other party’s financial situation. If it later materialises that full disclosure was not provided it is likely the agreement will not be upheld.
Both parties must have received legal advice at the time that the agreement was formed.
The terms of the agreement must not prejudice the reasonable requirements of children.

What would a prenuptial agreement include?

Every couple’s prenuptial agreement will be prepared based on their individual circumstances.

The agreement should contain an inventory of each of your assets, how you wish for them to be dealt with during your marriage and how they will be split should your relationship break down. If there are any assets you would prefer not to be divided or split between you and your partner if you were to divorce, then these should be included in your pre-nuptial agreement.

Protecting one party’s inherited money, assets or savings;
Protecting children’s inheritance or specific assets;
How joint assets should be split;
How a business should be dealt with;
How debt will be shared;
How pensions should be dealt with;
How stocks and shared will be split;
Whether any spousal/child maintenance should be paid and how much.

What can’t be included in a prenuptial agreement?

It is important to ensure your prenuptial agreement is properly drafted so that it is enforceable. Whilst a wide range of assets can be included, there are strict rules about what can and can’t be included. Issues which are excluded are:

Child support;
Child arrangements including visiting arrangements and decisions about religious upbringing and schooling;
Illegal or unfair matters;

Do I need a prenuptial agreement?

If you have significant more wealth than your future spouse, or are likely to acquire assets in the future you should give consideration to a prenuptial agreement. Prenuptial agreements protect your personal wealth in the event of a divorce and are particularly important for those with a large inheritance, landowners, business owners, couples marrying later in life or entering a second marriage.

Can you change your prenuptial agreement after your marriage?

A prenuptial agreement cannot be modified after its been executed, however during the marriage you may want to prepare a postnuptial agreement. A postnuptial agreement can take into account any change in circumstances that cause you to seek to vary the terms in the original agreement. This document would replace the original prenuptial agreement.

I am already married, is it too late for a prenuptial agreement?

Following your marriage you can enter into a postnuptial agreement. This should be prepared in the same way as a prenuptial agreement in accordance with the Law Commission recommendations (set out above) if you want it to be upheld by a court in the event of your divorce.

When will the court refuse to enforce a prenuptial agreement?

The key question the court will consider when deciding whether to enforce the prenuptial agreement is whether it is fair to both parties. They will consider the points set out in the recommendations made by the Law Commission including whether there was full financial disclosure when the agreement was entered into and that you both obtained independent legal advice.

The Supreme Court set out the following three factors which increase the likelihood of a prenuptial agreement being upheld in court proceedings:

It must be freely entered into;
Both parties should understand the implications;
It should not be unfair and hold parties to their agreement in the circumstances prevailing.

How do I make a prenuptial agreement?

In order for your agreement to have the best opportunity of being upheld by a court, you must:

Have the agreement prepared by a qualified family lawyer;
Both parties must obtain independent legal advice;
Both parties must fully understand the agreement and agree to it willingly;
Both parties must disclose all assets and property fully.

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Cohabitation agreements

What is a cohabitation agreement?

Couples who live together, or are planning on living together can enter into a cohabitation agreement to set out their intentions in relation to their finances. A cohabitation agreement can set out who owns existing assets, including property and what your intentions are in relation to your day to day finances such as who should pay for what. It should also deal with how you would like any assets to be shared in the event that your relationship comes to an end.

Cohabitation agreements are important as couples who aren’t married do not have legal rights like those couples who are married or in a civil partnership. There is very little legal protection for unmarried couples who separate (disputes are usually dealt with under civil rather than family law) which can leave those couples who have lived together or shared joint assets in a very difficult and uncertain situation when they separate.

Why do I need a cohabitation agreement?

Many people misunderstand the legal position when they are in a lengthy cohabiting relationship and believe that their relationship is recognised by law and that they have somehow creates a “common law marriage”.

This is entirely false, the only couples protected under divorce law are those who are legally married or in a civil partnership.

Many others are getting on with life without giving too much thought to the legal status of their relationship. However, unfortunately when unmarried couples separate, the consequences can be financially devastating and cause significant difficulties for them going forward.

A cohabitation agreement offers security to both individuals in the relationship as to what will happen in the event of your separation. During the process of preparing a cohabitation agreement you will set out clearly your financial commitments to each other and avoid any misunderstandings with regards to own owns assets including any properties. The purpose is to avoid difficulties and disagreements in the event your relationship comes to an end.

What are the benefits of having a cohabitation agreement?

A cohabitation agreement will be extremely valuable in the event that your relationship does later break down. A little foresight and planning during the early stages of your relationship can offer certainty and peace of mind as well as other advantages:

Entering into a cohabitation agreement gives you the opportunity to review your finances and how the day to day household budgets etc will operate. It enables you to plan “how” you will live together so you are both clear who is responsible for what. This sets you off in your living arrangements from an informed and planned position so you both are clear who should be contributing to what.
A cohabitation agreement enables you to protect yourself from the financial repercussions in the event that your relationship ends. It can offer financial security in relation to how property and assets should be retained or shared in the event that you later separate.
A properly drafted and executed cohabitation agreement reduces the possibility of disputes at the end of a relationship. Disputes in relation to the ownership of a property following a period of cohabitation are extremely complex and expensive. A clear agreement reduces the change of litigation.

My partner pays for most things, do I need a cohabitation agreement?

A cohabitation agreement makes it clear who owns what and your intentions in the event you separate. It can offer protection to an economically weaker partner. For example if you are a parent who has stopped working in order to care for the children but the family home is in your partner’s name, your contributions in looking after the home and caring for the children can be recognised in the agreement and make provision for you in the event your relationship breaks down. In the event that you did not have a cohabitation agreement, it is likely you would be left with no legal share of the property of financial support from your partner.

I contribute much more than my partner, do I need a cohabitation agreement?

Yes, it is important you consider the arrangements in order to protect your wealth and assets in the event your relationship breaks sown. A formal agreement can make it clear which pre-owned assets are to remain yours and which are to be shared with your partner. If the property you live in is in your sole name, it is important that you ensure your legal interest is properly recorded and secured to avoid any contributions made by your partner unintentionally being considered as giving them a legal interest in the property.

The purpose of the cohabitation agreement is to provide you both with security and certainty in order to avoid disputes if your relationship comes to an end.

Is a cohabitation agreement legally binding?

A properly drafted and executed cohabitation agreement is a legal document which can be enforced by a court. It is really important that you both take separate independent legal advice on the agreement and that you are both open and honest about your finances if you want it to be upheld.

Cohabitation agreements are governed by ordinary rules of contract law and can therefore only be challenged on any of the ordinary contractual principles such as fraud, duress, undue influence, misrepresentation or mistake.

In order for a cohabitation agreement to be valid the following must apply:

You should both enter into the agreement freely and voluntarily;
The agreement should be set out in the form of a deed;
Each of you must sign the document;
You must update the agreement with any major life changes.

How do I make a cohabitation agreement?

Both you and your partner should seek advice from separate solicitors in order to prepare a cohabitation agreement. Whilst you can and should of course agree the position between yourselves, in order that the agreement is prepared and properly executed so that it is legally binding it is important it is prepared by a solicitor with experience in this area.

Whilst you may been able to find templates online it is much better to have bespoke agreement professionally prepared for your situation. In addition, for the agreement to be upheld in court, it is important that you have both sought independent legal advice on the contents of the document to ensure you both understand it and there are no errors in the contents.

I understand that the cost of preparing a cohabitation agreement can be off putting, however the cost of dealing with a dispute at the end of your relationship will be much higher and could result in lengthy and expensive legal proceedings.

What should I include in a cohabitation agreement?

Each cohabitation agreement will be unique and prepared to meet your individual circumstances however there are some key issues which you will likely want to cover:

Property

If either party owns a property before you move in together or you intend to purchase a property together it is really important to seek legal advice about how property should be owned.

You may want to make it clear that a property owned by one person prior to the relationship is to be kept separate to prevent a claim later being made over it. This is particularly important where you intend to cohabit in a property owned by just one of you.

If you buy a property during your relationship and it is owned by just one of you, again you will need legal advice as to how to structure this to avoid a later claim.

A jointly owned property will also require some consideration, how will payments for mortgage, maintenance and improvements be made and how will the property be dealt with if you separate.

It is important that you consider where you will both live in the event of your relationship ending. If you jointly own a property then you will be both entitled to stay there at the end of your relationship, what exactly happens to the property will need to be decided by you so you should put in place a plan as to how you would deal with that tricky situation.

Day to day living expenses

You need to consider how you will each contribute to the mortgage, running of your home and the household bills. If you do not jointly own your home legal advice will be required to clarify what the contributions of the non-owner will entitle them to in order to avoid inadvertently changing their legal relationship to the property.

You should also consider how bills and accounts set up in your joint names will be dealt with if your relationship ends.

Wills and inheritance

It is really important for unmarried couples to ensure that they have up to date wills. Whilst there is legislation in place to protect married couples in the event of the other’s death there is nothing similar in place for cohabitants and this can have devastating consequences.

You will not automatically inherit each other’s estates in the event of one of you dying, it is therefore crucial if you want to leave anything to your partner that you have an up to date will.

Whilst the cohabitation agreement can reflect your intentions it does not replace a will and you should therefore take the opportunity to have an up to date will prepared at the same time as the cohabitation agreement.

Can I prepare my own cohabitation agreement?

Whilst you can find templates online they are unlikely to be as comprehensive as obtaining your own bespoke document. In order for the agreement to be legally binding you must both obtain independent legal advice on the agreement. It makes sense if you are instructing a solicitor anyway to have them involved in the drafting process to ensure that the agreement is comprehensive and legally binding.

Can I change the cohabitation agreement after it has been prepared?

Yes and you should review it regularly. It is important that you update the agreement if anything significant happens during the course of your relationship. This includes things like:

Having children;
Ill health;
Changes in either of your financial situations;
Receipt of a large inheritance;
Purchase of a property;
You plan on getting married or entering into a civil partnership.

When should I make a cohabitation agreement?

A cohabitation agreement can be prepared at any time during your relationship. This may be before you begin living together or after many years of cohabiting.

It is important that the document is regularly updated following any major life events such as, having children, ill health, a change in either of your financial situations, receipt of a large inheritance, if you purchase a property or if you plan on getting married or entering into a civil partnership.

Does a cohabitation agreement have to be signed?

Yes. In order to be binding the document must be prepared as a deed and therefore be signed. In addition, both parties should receive independent legal advice and the document must be kept up to date.

What is the difference between a cohabitation agreement and a declaration of trust?

A declaration of trust relates to a specific property. It is a formal document which records how the proportions of a property are held and how any proceeds of sale would be divided if the property is sold in the future. It should be prepared by a solicitor and it will take into account your initial contributions when purchasing the property, who will pay the mortgage, how any increase in value will be attributed after making any home improvements such as an extension.

A cohabitation agreement is much broader. You may have a declaration of trust prepared in addition to the cohabitation agreement. A cohabitation agreement rather than just reflecting the legal ownership of the property will set out your intentions in the event of your separation (where each of you should live, if the property should be sold and if so how), it will also deal with day to day expenses such as the household running costs, repair and maintenance.

What is the legal position if my partner owns the property that we both live in?

If only one of you owns the property you both live in, a cohabitation agreement will set out your intentions and respective rights to the property which will make understanding what you are each entitled to in the event of your break up more straightforward. You may also want to consider a declaration of trust to reflect the legal position of the ownership of the property.

Without a declaration of trust and cohabitation agreement having been prepared, there is a possibility that the non-owning spouse could claim a “beneficial interest” in the property. This means that a court could find in the event of your separation that the non-owning spouse is entitled to a share of any proceeds from the sale of the property, a share of any rental income or are entitled to continue living there.

If I have a cohabitation agreement do I need a will?

Yes. Whilst you can outline your wishes in the event of your death within a cohabitation agreement you should also ensure that these are reflected in an up to date will.

It is absolutely crucial that unmarried couples have up to date wills if you want your partner to inherit your estate if you die.

How much does a cohabitation agreement cost?

The cost of a cohabitation agreement will vary depending on the complexity of the affairs of the couple involved.

You will each require your own independent solicitor in the matter and typically one solicitor will take the lead with the work. Both of you will meet with your solicitor separately to discuss the case, they will advise you on your position and the contents of the agreement. The lead solicitor would take responsibility for preparing the agreement with the second solicitor reviewing it to make sure it is fair to their client.

The fees will vary between £600 and £3000 (plus VAT) depending on the complexity of the agreement to be prepared. The fees for the second solicitor should be less for the separate advice that they provide.

Whilst the cost may seem expensive. it should be considered an investment to protect your financial position in the event of your separation. Disputes following a period of cohabitation which are pursued through the courts are complex and expensive.

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What is Parental Responsiblity?

Parental responsibility is really important. It is the legal rights and responsibilities a parent has for a child and what gives legal recognition to you being a parent.

If you have parental responsibility you will be responsible for:

Providing a home for your child;
Protecting and maintaining your child (although parents without parental responsiblity also have a duty to financially support thier child)
Choosing and providing for your child’s education;
Making decision in relation to your child’s medical treatment;
Naming and agreeing to any change of name;
Looking after your child’s property.

Exercising parental responsibility, that is making decisions about your child should be done in agreement with all others with parental responsibility. This is usually straightforward if you are in a relationship with the other parent, however for separated parents it can be challenging.

Parental responsibility and separated parents

Having parental responsibility for a child you do not live with, does not automatically mean you have a right to spend time with them. However, the parent with who the child lives must consult others with parental responsibility when making major decisions about your child.

You do not need to be consulted about each day to day decision, however when it comes to important matters such as schooling or moving abroad, both parents should reach an agreement. It is sensible to record this in writing.

If an agreement can’t be reached you can apply to the court for a specific issue order or a prohibited steps order.

You can find out more about this and get the relevant court forms here:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/form-c100-application-under-the-children-act-1989-for-a-child-arrangements-prohibited-steps-specific-issue-section-8-order-or-to-vary-or-discharge

How to make a joint application for divorce

Step 1: Apply online

Whilst you may wish to instruct a professional, you do not need a solicitor to prepare the divorce petition, you can do this yourself. Whilst I do often prepare divorce applications, particularly in cases I am advising on the children and finances, the divorce application itself is relatively straightforward and most people will find they are able to complete it themselves.

You can access the divorce application portal here:

https://www.gov.uk/divorce/file-for-divorce

Please ensure you use the gov.uk website and not any other. There are many “divorce provider” websites who will charge you a fee for submitting the application on your behalf.

The court fee for applying for a divorce is currently £593. If a website asks you for further funds you are likely in the wrong place.

You can make a paper application, however I strongly recommend you apply online, it is quicker and you are less likely to make a mistake on that form.

In terms of making the application, one party will take the lead as Applicant 1, they will start the application. Applicant 2 will then fill in their information and finally Applicant 1 will then submit the application to the court.

Applicant 1 will be responsible for paying the court fee, the system does not make it possible for it to be split between the parties, therefore if you want to share the costs you will need to do this separately.

Step 2: The court starts the divorce process

After your application has been submitted, it takes 2 weeks before the process officially begins, this will trigger the 20 week reflection period.

The reflection period is in place firstly to allow the couple to change their minds about the divorce and secondly to make arrangements for their children and finances.

Step 3: You jointly apply for the conditional order

After the 20 week reflection period, you can jointly apply for the conditional order. (Previously known as the Decree Nisi).

Step 4: The court reviews your application for a conditional order

When your application for the conditional order is received by the court, a legal advisor will review your application. If they approve your divorce, they will issue you with a Certificate of Entitlement to confirm the date of your conditional order. This step takes one to two weeks.

Step 5: The court grants the conditional order

The date of the conditional order will be around 4 to 5 weeks from the certificate of entitlement.

Once the court grants the conditional order, the second compulsory waiting period begins, this time for 6 weeks. This stage is significant as it is only when the conditional order has been granted that you are permitted to submit any financial orders such as a consent order or clean break order in relation to any financial agreements you have made.

Step 6: You jointly apply for the final order

After a minimum of 6 weeks have passed you can apply jointly for the final order (previously known as the Decree Absolute) to finalise your divorce.

Step 7: The court grants the final order

The court will issue the final order a few days after your application. A copy will be sent to both of you and this final order means you are officially divorced. You will need to keep this order safe, as you will need it in the future as proof of your divorce.

Can we make a joint application for divorce?

Yes, recent changes to the law mean that for the first time it is possible for a couple to apply jointly for a divorce. Whilst it is still possible to apply individually, a joint application is likely to be the best option in most situations.

Making a joint decision to apply for a divorce can be seen as a positive step forward when a relationship has broken down. Rather than one person taking the lead and the other perhaps feeling ambushed or shocked, a joint application ensures that both parties are well aware of the divorce from the outset and will feel fully involved and are more likely to engage with the process.

If you can start the divorce process in a (relatively) amicable manner, when you are both emotionally ready to proceed, it is much more likely that you will then be able to deal with resolving your finances and the arrangements for your children in a smoother manner.

When applying jointly for a divorce application, one person will take the lead – Applicant 1, the other will be Applicant 2. If at some point during the process your relationship deteriorates significantly or one person is not engaging with the process, it is possible to switch to an individual divorce application so that progress can be made.

I’ve set out in more detail the process for applying jointly in another blog.

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How do I make an individual application for a divorce.

Step 1: Apply online

Whilst instructing a solicitor is not required when submitting a divorce application, if you have been unable to agree to make a joint application with your ex-partner it is likely your relationship is quite acrimonious and some professional input will likely be of real benefit. You may not need to instruct a solicitor to apply for the divorce but an initial consultation is likely to be of real benefit early on if your separation is particularly difficult.

The divorce process includes not only obtaining the final divorce order, but you may also have to make arrangements for your finances and children. It is the financial and child arrangements which usually prove to be the more difficult areas to resolve and which are at risk of escalating to contested court proceedings with escalating costs and significant delay.

The divorce application is usually the first step on the road to separation and can set the tone for the whole case going forward. Seeking early advice from an experienced solicitor can assist with getting the case on the right track, minimising the potential for conflict and possible protracted proceedings in relation to your children and finances going forward.

You can access the divorce application portal here:

https://www.gov.uk/divorce/file-for-divorce

Please ensure you use the gov.uk website and not any other. There are many “divorce provider” websites who will charge you a fee for submitting the application on your behalf.

The court fee for applying for a divorce is currently £593. If a website asks you for further funds you are likely in the wrong place.

You can make a paper application, however I strongly recommend you apply online, it is quicker and you are less likely to make a mistake on that form.

In terms of making the application, one party will make the application they will be known as the “Applicant”, the other party will be known as the “Respondent”.

The Applicant will be responsible for paying the court fee.

Step 2: The court starts the divorce process

After your application has been submitted, it takes 2 weeks before the process officially begins, this will trigger the 20 week reflection period.

The reflection period is in place firstly to allow the couple to change their minds about the divorce and secondly to make arrangements for their children and finances.

The court will send your partner a copy of the divorce petition and the “Acknowledgement of Service” (AOS), you parter has 14 days to complete the AOS and return it to the court.

Step 3: You apply for the conditional order

After the 20 week reflection period, (assuming that the Respondent has promptly returned the AOS) you can apply for the conditional order. (Previously known as the Decree Nisi).

Step 4: The court reviews your application for a conditional order

Step 5: The court grants the conditional order

The date of the conditional order will be around 4 to 5 weeks from the certificate of entitlement.

Step 6: You apply for the final order

After a minimum of 6 weeks have passed you can apply for the final order (previously known as the Decree Absolute) to finalise your divorce.

Step 7: The court grants the final order

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New legislation raises minimum age to marry to 18 in England and Wales

Previously people (children) could get married at 16 to 17 as long as they had parental consent.

This new law applies to regulated marriages as well as unregulated ceremonies that are not registered with the local council.

The penalty for adults who facilitate the marriage of an under 18 includes up to 7 years imprisonment and a fine. The penalties do not apply to any children involved.

Significantly the rules are to apply to marriages abroad so will include adults who take children out of this country to facilitate a marriage.

The bill has sailed through Parliament with little opposition and will receive Royal Assent later this week.

The new legislation will not affect the validity of any marriages or civil partnerships that took place prior to the new law coming into force.

This change is not UK wide, in Northern Ireland and Scotland the minimum age for marriage remains at 16, in Northern Ireland you still need parental consent but in Scotland it is not required.